22^nd International Conference on Drug Design and Development October 26-27, 2020 Amsterdam, Netherlands

The latest system of drug discovery brings numerous advancements and developments in the new drugs. Now a days methodologies, new biological targets, and advanced computing techniques has enhanced the modern drug discovery and has given medicinal chemistry a more thoughtful skill set and toolkit to hold the nuances of disease pathophysiology. The set of both medicinal chemistry and methodology in drug discovery system together makes drug delivery more efficient and more lessening attrition. In designing a drug, fragment-based drug design, and structure –based drug design, diversity-based drug design, natural product-based drug design, and chemo genomics are applied

Drugs are formulated based on drug design and discovery to attain specificities on their biological targets. It is also referred to as rational drug design. By applying various other technologies, new drug molecules are developed with great ease. This procedure includes the identification of drug targets, candidates, synthesis, screening, physical, chemical characterization and assays. Drug development is used for marketing and manufacturing the biologically active compounds by observing the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, toxicological studies and various other clinical parameters.

The set of processes for designing a new drug by using bioinformatics implements, have opened a new area of drug research and development. Computational techniques assist us in searching various drug targets and in Drug-Formulation designing drug. By using 3D structural information and computational methods of the protein target, we will able to scrutinize the molecular and atomic interactions involved in ligand-protein interactions and thus explicit experimental results in detail. In drug formulation and drug discovery, use of computers bears the additional advantage of delivering new drug candidates cost-efficiently and more rapidly . Computer-aided drug discovery (CADD) has recently had important successes in drug formulation: new ligands are predicted in conjunction with their receptor-bound structures and in several circumstances the achieved hit rates (ligands discovered per molecules tested) are significantly greater than through experimental high-throughput screening.

The process through which a drug is distributed can have an important effect on its efficacy some of the drugs have moderate concentration range within which maximum benefit is derived, and concentrations above or below this range can be noxious or produce no therapeutic benefit at all. On the other hand, the very slow improvement in the efficacy of the treatment of severe diseases, has optional a growing need for a multidisciplinary approach to the delivery of therapeutics to targets in tissues.  These nanoparticles which are filled with drugs and plagued to all over the body are avoided to get interact with healthy tissues. The goal of a targeted drug delivery system is to extend, localize, target and have a extreme drug interaction with the diseased muscle.

Proteomics, the large-scale analysis of proteins, contributes expressively to our understanding of gene function within the post-genomic era. Protein micro characterization for large scale certification and post translational changes, differential display proteomics for comparison of protein levels with potential application in an extensive range of diseases; with potential application in a extensive range of diseases; and (3) studies of protein–protein interactions using methods such as mass spectrometry or the yeast two-hybrid system are the three main areas to be covered in proteomics. As the new technologies are developed day by day the continual growth and new skills are seen in proteomics technologies. And as an additional value we are able to obtain the high-quality acquisition of proteome data easily.

It is seen that in 2010 there is a global market for business development of drug delivery technology having $131.6 billion and is expected to rise at 5% in its compound annual growth rate (CAGR) and reach nearly $175.6 billion by 2016. Total of 60% of the total drug delivery market in the year 2010 was constituted by US that means $78 billion.It is forecast to reach nearly $103 billion in 2016 at a compound annual growth rate of 4.7%. As Europe is contributed by 29% of the total drug delivery market in 2010 as it was $36 billion and is expected to increase by $50 billion by the year 2016 at compound annual growth rate of 5.6% for 2013 and Drug Delivery Global market was seen to be increased by $150.3 billion, according to BCC research. This was an increase from $142 billion the previous year. Thus, if the estimated annual growth is given, the market represents the considerable business opportunity, that    which can be seen in the ascending number of drug delivery specialists. Competitive costs and consistent quality of the product improves continuity of supply and production performance and Product and technology auditing and due diligence with decreasing Business oppurtunities, business development, quality control and regulatory issues.

Pharmacokinetics is a segment of pharmacology which involves the study of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a drug. The principle Clinical pharmacokinetics applies to the safety and effective therapeutic management of drugs in an individual.

Pharmacodynamics is study of physiologic, biochemical, and molecular effects of drugs in the body. It is generally used to estimate the effect of drug in the systemic circulation. Only Pharmacodynaics can explain the most common mechanism of drug entering the systemic circulation after the first pass metabolism (Hepatic).

Nanotechnology is being used in developing countries to treat diseases and prevent many health issues. The umbrella term for this kind of nanotechnology is Nanomedicine. Nanotechnology is either applied to or for developing the application to a vast range of industrial and purification processes. Nano medicine is the nanotechnology applications in a healthcare sector and the majority of benefits that have already been seen involve the use of nanoparticles to improve the drug substances behaviour and in drug delivery.  The Initiative of National Nanotechnology expects new applications on commercial basis in the pharmaceutical industry that may include new therapies, advanced delivery systems, and in vivo imaging.

Bioavailability can be defined as the amount of drug available at the target site after systemic circulation and Bioequivalence is the similarity of two drugs which release the active ingredients at the same rate, amount, &quality. In such a process, the new drugs are tested for their stability studies. The new formulations have to undergo the analytical process to get approved by the FDA as an effective and safe dosage form. It has to compare new drug with the standard product as a reference.

Pharmaceutical formulation can be called as a substance with an most active therapeutic ingredient available in different types of dosage forms. Drug formulation pertaining to target based is expressed as a change in the manufacturing field reflecting drug activity specificity. The drug formulation ingredients used are segregated basing upon their chemical and physical properties. The factors like pH, drug solubility, polymorphism, temperature, etc. are also altered in the process of target based drug formulation.

Vaccine is a material that induces resistance through immunologically mediated form to a disease but not necessary for infection. Vaccines are usually composed of attenuated or killed organisms or units or subunits of organisms or DNA encoding antigenic proteins of pathogens. Sub-unit vaccines though exceptionally specific and selective in reacting with antibodies often fail to point out such reactions in circumstances like changes in center of antibody, epitopic identification, and are poorly immunogenic. Antigens are delivered from oil-based adjuvants such as Freunds adjuvant lead to decrease in the number of doses of vaccine to be administered but due to toxicity concerns like inductions of granulomas at the injection site, such adjuvants don't seem to be widely used. FDA approved adjuvants for human uses are aluminium phosphate and aluminium hydroxide in the form of alum. Hence, seek for potent and safer adjuvants resulted within the formulations of antigen into delivery systems that administer antigen in particulate form instead of solution form.

The researchers and many scientists are focusing on designing medical devices for drug delivery through the nasal and pulmonary routes. These routes are of interest for only local delivery, as in asthma, but also for direct delivery to the central nervous system and rapid delivery of drugs to the system circulation. Devices that account for specific physiological and anatomical features of the pulmonary and intranasal routes will be featured. Devices for Drug delivery are specialized tools for the delivery of a therapeutic agent or drug via a specific route of administration. Such devices are used as part of numerous medical treatments. Many in the industry have long felt overly burdened by what they consider to be an unnecessarily complex approval process.

Drug metabolism can be defined as a process in which pharmaceutical substances bio-transformatics takes place upon enzyme action. The antibiotics which are release from the drug and distributes to the tissues or cells depends upon their potency. Toxicology is a branch of medicine deals with the adverse reaction of drugs of chemical substances on living organisms. By diagnosing, treating and exposure to toxicants, the adverse effects comes out when it is taken either by accident or design which termed as poison.

Bio pharmaceutics or biologic drugs are interrelatable for physical and chemical properties of drugs which mainly involves in drug absorption, which is defined as the study of factors influencing the rate and amount of drug reaching the systemic circulation. Biopharmaceutical drugs are produced from living organisms or its components such as recombinant proteins, allergens, tissue and blood to maintain body’s natural response to infections and diseases. The biopharmaceutical drugs mainly depend on route & range of absorption of drug in systemic circulation. This therapy mainly depends on formulation of drug and it undergoes in-vivo and in-vitro distribution at the site of action and shows its therapeutic effect.